Essay on Outline of Marriage in the Victorian Era - 895 Words

Outline of Marriage in the Victorian Era In the Victorian era, marriage was not as romanticized or fairytale-like as depicted in many novels of the time. On the contrary, love actually played a very minor role in the majority of matrimonies that took place. An engagement was entered into as one would approach a business deal, and there were some generally accepted rules and guidelines to follow. The Rules * It was illegal to marry your deceased wife’s sister. You could marry first cousins, but attitudes changed towards the end of the 19th century, and this became frowned upon. * Victorians were encouraged to marry within the same class (remember the views on social mobility!). They could marry up, but to marry down meant†¦show more content†¦They can be compared to today’s prenuptial agreements. A woman’s father was responsible for retaining a â€Å"jointure† for his daughter; this was a provision in the event that she might outlive her husband, so that she was taken care of monetarily. * After the business aspects were secured, the engagement followed. The husband presented his fiancà ©e with a ring; the woman could give her fiancà © a ring as well, but it was not required. The woman’s mother was responsible for throwing an engagement dinner for the couple. * Engagements lasted anywhere from 6 months to 2 years. After it was â€Å"of ficial,† the couple was permitted to be more intimate: they could hold hands in public, take walks together, take private carriage rides (but the carriage had to be open), and even spend time alone behind closed doors, as long as they were properly separated by nightfall. * Any failure to follow these rules of conduct meant a ruined reputation for the woman; the engagement would most likely be called off and she would spend the rest of her life as a spinster. An honorable man would typically marry her anyway, but then again, an honorable man would not become engaged to a woman who would disobey societal rules. An example of a Victorian Wedding Certificate. Wedding Etiquette * After the wedding, it was customary to send cards indicating when the couple was to be â€Å"called upon† by their friends and family. 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Intercultural Relationships Remain An Enduring And A...

Intercultural relationships remain an enduring and a fundamental necessity within the lives of young people. The group comprising of Alven, Antanita and oneself provided a lesson plan for a culturally diverse, co-educational class of year eleven students. It was the intent of the lesson to foster and promote the positive perceptions that the children had already gained through the appreciation of cultural diversity. The aim was for students to develop and open-minded approach to accept other cultural beliefs and practices, and thus, avoiding a judgmental approach falling within a stereotypical view. This allows the students to digress from a narrow-minded perspective and adopt an observational as well as a highly informed and non†¦show more content†¦However, this class was linked to year eleven, comprising of 16 and 17 year olds. This gave rise to considerable discussion, as the group believed that the ideal time to learn values is more appropriate during adolescence, suc h as years seven or eight. After a considerable reflection it was deduced that to a degree it is true that in partying knowledge and values upon younger students is both more effective and easier, as at this age they are more impressionable and accepting of new ideals. However, learning is not a an end product and the intent of the lesson was more about nurturing the ideas that the students have already subconsciously gained, whilst aiming to foster and enhance these values, in order for them to emerge consciously enriched. The teachings of Sankey and Kim (2013) under the umbrella of the Dynamic System Theory greatly influenced these decisions, were they stress a non linear and highly variable process of development, and thus, signifying an older age group does not quantify the need to disenfranchise themselves from moral development. The makeup of the lesson was divided into two interrelated activities that were designed towards the developmental needs of the students as well as the importance of multicultural relations. The activities also did not shun away from their own significant pedagogical issues, specifically deducing ways in which to achieve an

Competitive Strategy Management Control System

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Strategy for Management Control System. Answer: Key ideas of strategy The video of strategy describes basic differences between strategy and goals. Companies while accomplishing the goals set by organizations formulate a plan. A good strategy must include some relevant topics such as the area of competition, the unique value of the product, utilization of resource capabilities, and sustaining individual values. The first item includes competitors, product markets, geographic markets, industries, etc. The second criteria include reason of choosing the product of the company over other businesses. Unique values can be cost and differentiation regarding reliability, styling, customization, image, etc. The third aspect of resource capabilities includes exceptional human capital, superior technology, unique reputation, and unmatched reputation (Lozano 2012). Resources can be tangible or intangible. Capabilities refer to the ability to use the things that are present within an organization. Sustainability means factors that allow continuing the strategies to sustain the company in the marketplace. The strategy is a most important aspect that every company should follow in accomplishing goals. The strategic aims of the organization are aligned to the strategy of each department. However, one must not confuse with the concept of objective and strategy. Both these two things are different but are complementary to one another. An organization should be unique in formulating strategies so that they can acquire a substantial market share in the sector (Arjalis and Mundy 2013). Plans for each department of organizations should fulfill the requirement of the established goals of the company. More focus is required whenever senior management of businesses formulates strategies for the development of the enterprise. Implementation of the key ideas IGA (Independent Grocers of Australia) is a supermarket chain in Australia that focuses on targeting the general customers of Australia. As it is a supermarket chain, hence the company sells daily use products in their store. The strategy followed by IGA in the Australian market is cost leadership. Low price is the key area of attracting more customers while maintaining a decent quality of the products sold by the company. There are many other supermarkets present in Australia. However, IGA continues its reputation in the market by its product quality and cost of their products. IGA focus on their private label products with unique features (Pollard et al. 2014). Some product differentiation is included in these categories of products. However, the company is very much focused on optimum utilization of its resources present within the enterprise. The resources of the company include large suppliers, good relations with the vendors, and the financial aspects. On the other hand, the ca pability of IGA refers to its developed human capital. The employers of the company are trained in a way so that they can provide excellent customer service to the customers (Richards et al. 2013). IGA in Australia is famous for its unique strategies of promotion in the market. By its promotional strategies, the company is capable of increasing the customer base on a yearly basis. Apart from that, retention of existing customers is a vital aspect that can be done by excellent promotional strategies of IGA. The unique thing about IGA is that it follows both cost leadership and differentiation in different aspects. Week 4 Business Model Innovation Key ideas of business innovation Innovation is a key factor that is recognized as the most important element in attaining sustainability in the firm. A company can reach its zenith of success only when it follows the path of innovation in the market. However, the companies who are busy in serving present customers and are not focused on developing new products they will not be able to sustain for a long term in the market. However, the word innovation has many misconceptions among entrepreneurs of the world (Jimenz-Jimenz et al. 2014). According to many executives, innovation requires enormous resources, advanced technology and developing a product in the blue ocean. These connotations are wrong. Instead of it, innovation is focused on the integration of ideas that leads to a new product altogether. To initiate innovation, a company must focus on its business model. Business models should be changed with the pace of change in the marketplace. Innovation cannot be supported by the old style of the business model of a company. However, a business model must include certain features such as target customers, the product serving the customers, the value of the product and the way of providing value to its clients. In this business model, innovation can be included in the factors of value addition and product types (Gaziulusoy et al. 2014). Innovation can be four steps such as initiation, ideation, integration and implementation. However, companies must do extensive research while applying any idea in the business model. Apart from having positive aspects, innovation also possesses negative aspects if companies do not implement it correctly. Application of the idea There are instances of businesses that follow innovation in their business model. They are now enjoying the position of market leader in that particular sector of industries. On the contrary, some other companies are not able to sustain in the market due to their old business models and lack of new product development. The organization chosen for describing the innovation in practice is Apple, Inc. Apple is a company known for the innovation. In this category, Apple ranks first. Innovation is the core success factor of Apple in the market. The products of Apple usually serve a niche market. The target customers of Apple are high-end customers. Apple mainly concentrates on providing value to the expectations of the customers. The products of Apple possess unique features along with sleek, innovative design (Jun and Sung Park 2013). The research and development department of Apple consistently focus on the development of strategies that are not matching with products provided by other companies. Products of Apple usually create the need in the market that is a huge factor in the success of the enterprise. However, the business model of Apple focuses on providing value to their premium customers that make the company standing apart in the marketplace. Due to the innovation, Apple charges premium price for their products and clients are willing to pay for the innovation (Yin et al. 2014). Therefore, it can be concluded that innovation is the most important factor of business extension as well as adding more customer base in the firm. The primary strategy of Apple in developing a new product is adding some creative features in their gadgets or modifies some features that are not previously highlighted by any company. It is a form of innovation of Apple. References Arjalis, D.L. and Mundy, J., 2013. The use of management control systems to manage CSR strategy: A levers of control perspective.Management Accounting Research,24(4), pp.284-300. Gaziulusoy, A.ÄÂ °., Boyle, C. and McDowall, R., 2013. System innovation for sustainability: a systemic double-flow scenario method for companies. Journal of Cleaner Production,45, pp.104-116. Jimenz-Jimenz, D., Martnez-Costa, M. and Sanz-Valle, R., 2014. Innovation, organizational learning orientation and reverse knowledge transfer in multinational companies.Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(1), pp.47-55. Jun, S. and Sung Park, S., 2013. Examining technological innovation of Apple using patent analysis.Industrial Management Data Systems, 113(6), pp.890-907. Lozano, R., 2012. Towards better embedding sustainability into companies systems: an analysis of voluntary corporate initiatives.Journal of Cleaner Production,25, pp.14-26. Pollard, C.M., Landrigan, T.J., Ellies, P.L., Kerr, D.A., Lester, M. and Goodchild, S., 2014. Geographic factors as determinants of food security: a Western Australian food pricing and quality study.Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 23(4), pp.703-713. Richards, C., Bjrkhaug, H., Lawrence, G. and Hickman, E., 2013. Retailer-driven agricultural restructuringAustralia, the UK and Norway in comparison.Agriculture and human values,30(2), pp.235-245. Yin, P.L., Davis, J.P. and Muzyrya, Y., 2014. Entrepreneurial innovation: Killer apps in the iphone ecosystem.The American Economic Review, 104(5), pp.255-259.